home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- SKILL-ORIENTED ALGEBRA, VERSION III
- and
- MATHEMATICS, BASIC SKILLS
-
- by
-
- Alfred D'Attore
-
-
- Educational software is rarely commercially successful;
- serious stuff; almost never so. For this reason and because
- I am a man of advanced years, I have decided to place "Skill-
- Oriented Algebra," (SOA), and "Mathematics, Basic Skills,"
- (MBS), in the public domain. Both program groups produce
- printed exercises designed for direct use by classtroom
- students. Teachers may use photo-copies to supply exercises
- for an entire class. Answers are provided and reflect accep-
- ted, in-class formats.
-
-
- Both packages have been very useful. "Skill-Oriented
- Algebra," grew out of the repeated failure on my part and on
- the part of my associates, to teach elementary algebra to normal,
- public high school students. In each school -- and I have taught
- in many -- only a small handful of students could absorb the
- text-based course. It is a problem that is substantially
- universal, and until now, knew of no rational solution.
-
- I am a retired military officer with a background in
- engineering and contract management for development and test
- programs. When a problems exists, I automatically make the
- attempt at analysis first, followed by a proposed rectifica-
- tion, and then test. I determined that modern public school
- students are unprepared for the concepts and techniques of
- algebra. Most could not even perform satisfactorily in
- elementary school arithmetic. I proposed to tackle both
- problems simultaneously with a course specifically designed for
- our "substandard" students.
-
- Course content was pared to the essentials and sequenced
- in such a manner as to avoid overwhelming students at the start;
- then gradually -- in degrees -- "upgrade" their arithmetic skills
- while instructing the concepts and drilling the techniques of
- algebra. Four years of test followed in a minority populated
- public school in suburban Phoenix, Arizona. This proved -- or
- at least, demonstrated conclusively -- the efficacy of the
- proposed "solution."
-
- "Mathematics, Basic Skills," (MBS), grew out of a similar
- situation encountered during a brief sojourn in a small junior
- high school. This school was a "low socio-economic unit" and
- rated 29th in basic arithmetic skills in a district containing
- twenty-nine schools. My first year there, another school
- joined the district, after which we were rated 30th. It was an
- insupportable situation.
-
- Fortunately, there was a benefactor; Honeywell Corporation
- of Phoenix, Arizona. Recognizing that we had a programmer
- aboard, they contributed equipment, communications, and central
- processor time on their new series 2,000 computer.
-
- A few abortive attempts were made at "interaction" programs,
- after which MBS was developed and through the use of Honeywell-
- provided Western Union teletypes and Ditto facsimile, a program
- of directed drill and practice was employed to upgrade our stu-
- dents. Using the techniques of Operant Psychology, involving
- black stars and gold stars and eventually candy; there was
- produced a student body so adept at arithmetic and elementary
- mathematics, that they rose in that one year to the virtual top
- of the district. Standardized tests produced no final "victor;"
- but our school rated "second" in one category and "fifth" in the
- one other. I don't believe more than one or two other schools
- had overall ratings as high as ours.
-
- Over the years, both SOA and MBS have undergone many
- modifications as students and associates offered suggestions
- and improvements. Programming progressed from Time Share Basic
- through Commodore Business Systems programming, to "Apple" and
- now, finally, to IBM PC & Compatibles.
-
- The "enclosed" software reflects these latest revisions.
- It is the final version of both SOA and MBS. As you might guess,
- the documentation (accompanying the printed exercise programs)
- pertains exclusively to "Skill-Oriented Algebra." It is
- called SOA.DOC and uses the Courier typeface exclusively,
- (10 characters per inch; 12 points). It can be printed using
- the "PRINTER" file provided with SOA. "PRINTER" is accessed
- through SOA's MENU. No wordprocessor is required and virtually
- any printer may be used. Note, however that this file will not
- print correctly from the MS-DOS "type" command,(as, for example,
- this "readme" file). "Printer" must be used.
-
-
-
- **********************
- SKILL-ORIENTED ALGEBRA
- **********************
-
- Skill-Oriented Algebra is a course based upon
- computer-prepared printed exercises and tests formatted for
- direct and immediate student use. A catalog, curriculum guide
- and course outline are provided together with a series of
- representative word problems and semester tests; all
- contained in the documentation accompanying the "exercises"
- programs.
-
- SKILL-ORIENTED ALGEBRA (SOA) can be used in three ways:
- as a complete algebra course; as an inexhaustible supply of
- algebra exercises, each tailored specifically to type and
- difficulty level; or as a "pre-algebra" for use in junior
- high schools.
-
- As a complete course, SOA comprises a significant
- subset of the elementary algebra, more than is taught
- currently in 90 percent of our public schools.
-
- As an adjunct to the text-based course. The
- additional exercises cannot help but aid the algebra teacher
- in providing a more effective learning experience.
-
- As a junior high school "pre-algebra," in
- preparation for a more highly conceptualized course to be
- given in high school.
-
-
-
- *************
- SOA VERSION 3
- *************
-
- Version 3 repairs some program bugs, but in particular,
- it offers full-sized printouts when HP compatible laser and
- ink jet printers are used. All the documentation accompanying
- this algebra course is now contained herein. SOAV3 places
- this algebra finally and irretrievably in the public domain.
-
- While entering dates on programmed exercises, the user is
- reminded that commas and semicolons are delimiters and should
- not be used. The military annotation is suggested, to wit:
-
- October 11, 1992 would be written as 11 Oct 92.
- July 5, 1992 would be 5 Jul 92.
-
- The form is concise and needs no "delimiters." If the
- standard form must be used together with its comma, the full
- date must be enclosed in quotes.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ********************
- OPERATING PROCEDURES
- ********************
-
- Copy SOAV3.EXE. You are encouraged to reproduce and
- distribute this software as widely as possible.
-
-
- "SOA" and "MBS" are both compressed files. To properly
- install the programs, command "Install C: D:," for example,
- or more generally, "Install Origin Disk Drive, space, Desti-
- nation Disk Drive." The two program groups will be placed
- in separate directories and expanded therein. Note!
-
- Install C: C: (or equivalent) may be used to install the
- software to the same disk drive.
-
- Command "SOA" within the algebra group and "BASICS" within
- the Basic Math group, to get to the respective MENUs.
-
- Notice that in all the following setups, SOA exercises
- can be printed to the screen. The display scrolls by very
- quickly, but a touch of the space bar will stop the display.
- Touching it again will recommence the display. Regrettably,
- for modern, high speed personal computers, the display may
- be too fast for a user to "catch it" quickly enough for appro-
- priate review. Ideally, "one screen at a time" should
- be provided. But at this stage in SOA's development, such is
- simply not practical. However, I did provide automatic
- "stops" at the end of the each exercise page, just before
- the answers are provided. This should help. Keep in mind,
- please, that this software provides printed exercises. The
- screen "preview" was added as a convenience feature only.
-
-
-
- SETUP ONE
- *********
-
- SOA is configured to print using EPSON 1500 printer
- codes. This is pretty much an industry standard today. If
- your printer responds to this standard, and if it is not a
- laser or ink-jet printer (see below), the operating procedures
- are very brief:
-
- Assuming you are "in" the SOA directory, command
- SOA. You will be put into the MENU immediately. Use the
- cursor up/down keys to highlight your choice and hit RETURN
- (ENTER). Proceed as indicated.
-
-
-
- SETUP TWO
- *********
-
- Wherein the printer is not Epson 1500-compatible, or
- the user has a laser or "ink-jet type" printer. Command
- PSETUP, (that is, highlight the command and press Return).
- A listing is provided. If the user's printer is contained
- therein, or if there is one listed that has comparable printer
- codes; then choose "e," and input the printer filename with or
- without the ".PRN" appendage. Those with laser or desk jet
- type printers, use "HPII-III.PRN," notwithstanding IBM or Epson
- compatibility. The reasons relate to proper spacing in the
- printed exercises. Since printer requirements are moderate,
- this will serve for PCL 5 and most non-HP desk jets too. The
- user will then be returned to the MENU. Printer configuration
- is now complete. Proceed as above.
-
-
-
- SETUP THREE
- ***********
-
- Note SETUP TWO, above. If your printer is not listed,
- and if -- further -- there are none with comparable printer
- codes; command "s," and hit Return, (Enter). Then armed with
- your printer manual (containing the printer codes), follow
- directions as indicated exactly. Use base 10 integers only,
- (no hexadecimal).
-
- When inputs are complete, you will be asked the name
- for this new printer file. Use eight characters or less and
- no appendage; this latter will be added automatically.
- After which, you will be asked if you want this file
- transferred to "USERP.PRN," the working file for SOA. If
- you answer "yes," this will be the printer file through
- which SOA will output its exercises, tests and documentation.
- You will be returned to the MENU. If you make a mistake,
- simply exit the program and the directory and start again.
-
-
- It should be noted that the directions for MBS,
- (Mathematics, Basic Skills), mirror SOA's exactly. Except
- for the obvious changes, procedures are the same.
-
-
-
- Your comments and suggestions are always welcome.
- Please direct correspondence to --
-
- Alfred D'Attore
- 1300 South Farm View Drive
- Apartment B-21
- Dover, Delaware 19901
-